Welcome
Administering
In addition to administering the database server, you can tune performance, replicate data, and archive data.
System administration
These topics contain concepts, procedures, and reference information for database and database server administrators to use for managing and tuning HCL Informix® database servers.
Administrator's Guide
These topics provide the information required to administer HCL Informix®.
Disk, memory, and process management
Data storage
The database server uses physical units of storage to allocate disk space. It stores data in logical units. Unlike the logical units of storage whose size fluctuates, each of the physical units has a fixed or assigned size that is determined by the disk architecture.
Sbspaces
An sbspace is a logical storage unit composed of one or more chunks that store smart large objects.
Temporary sbspaces
Use a temporary sbspace to store temporary smart large objects without metadata logging and user-data logging.
Comparison of temporary and standard sbspaces

HCL Informix® V15.0.0 documentation
Welcome to the documentation for HCL Informix® 15.0.0 and related client tools and products.
Product overview
HCL Informix® is a fast and scalable database server that manages traditional relational, object-relational, and dimensional databases. Its small footprint and self-managing capabilities are suited to embedded data-management solutions.
Installing
These topics describe how to install HCL Informix® database servers, client products, and DataBlade® modules.
Administering
In addition to administering the database server, you can tune performance, replicate data, and archive data.
- System administration
  These topics contain concepts, procedures, and reference information for database and database server administrators to use for managing and tuning HCL Informix® database servers.
  - List of utilities
    HCL Informix® includes utilities and applications that you can use to perform administrative tasks and capture information about configuration and performance.
  - Administrator's Guide
    These topics provide the information required to administer HCL Informix®.
    - The database server
    - Disk, memory, and process management
      - Virtual processors and threads
        These topics describe virtual processors, explain how threads run within the virtual processors, and explain how the database server uses virtual processors and threads to improve performance.
      - Manage virtual processors
        These topics describe how to set the configuration parameters that affect database server virtual processors, and how to start and stop virtual processors.
      - Shared memory
        These topics describe the content of database server shared memory, the factors that determine the sizes of shared-memory areas, and how data moves into and out of shared memory.
      - Manage shared memory
      - Data storage
        The database server uses physical units of storage to allocate disk space. It stores data in logical units. Unlike the logical units of storage whose size fluctuates, each of the physical units has a fixed or assigned size that is determined by the disk architecture.
        Chunks
        A chunk is the largest unit of physical disk dedicated to database server data storage.
        Pages
        A page is the physical unit of disk storage that the database server uses to read from and write to HCL® Informix® databases.
        Blobpages
        A blobpage is the unit of disk-space allocation that the database server uses to store simple large objects (TEXT or BYTE data) within a blobspace.
        Sbpages
        An sbpage is the type of page that the database server uses to store smart large objects within an sbspace. Unlike blobpages, sbpages are not configurable. An sbpage is the same size as the database server page, which is usually 2 KB on UNIX™ and 4 KB on Windows™.
        Extents
        An extent consists of a collection of contiguous pages that store data for a given table.
        Dbspaces
        A dbspace is a logical unit that can contain between 1 and 32,766 chunks. The database server uses the dbspace to store databases and tables. Place databases, tables, logical-log files, and the physical log in dbspaces.
        Blobspaces
        A blobspace is a logical storage unit composed of one or more chunks that store only TEXT and BYTE data.
        Sbspaces
        An sbspace is a logical storage unit composed of one or more chunks that store smart large objects.
        Advantages of using sbspaces
        Sbspaces have advantages over blobspaces.
        Sbspaces and Enterprise Replication
        Before you define a replication server for Enterprise Replication, you must create an sbspace. Enterprise Replication spools the replicated data to smart large objects.
        Metadata, user data, and reserved area
        As with blobspaces and dbspaces, when you create an sbspace, you assign to it one or more chunks. The first chunk of an sbspace always has three areas.
        Control of where data is stored
        Storing large objects externally
        Smart Large Objects can also be stored externally in directories of a user’s choice.
        Storage characteristics of sbspaces
        As the database server administrator, you can use the system default values for these storage characteristics, or you can specify them in the -Df tags when you create the sbspace with onspaces -c. You can change these sbspace characteristics with the onspaces -ch option.
        Levels of inheritance for sbspace characteristics
        The four levels of inheritance for sbspace characteristics are system, sbspace, column, and smart large objects. You can use the system default values for sbspace attributes, or override them for specific sbspaces, columns in a table, or smart large objects.
        More information about sbspaces
        There are various tasks related to using and managing sbspaces.
        Temporary sbspaces
        Use a temporary sbspace to store temporary smart large objects without metadata logging and user-data logging.
        Comparison of temporary and standard sbspaces
        Temporary smart large objects
        Use temporary smart large objects to store text or image data (CLOB or BLOB) that do not require restoring from a backup or log replay in fast recovery.
        Plogspace
        A plogspace is a logical storage unit that is composed of one chunk that stores the physical log. When the physical log is in the plogspace, the database server increases the size of the physical log as needed to improve performance.
        Extspaces
        An extspace is a logical name associated with an arbitrary string that signifies the location of external data. The resource that the extspace references depends on a user-defined access method for accessing its contents.
        Databases
        A database is a logical storage unit that contains tables and indexes. Each database also contains a system catalog that tracks information about many of the elements in the database, including tables, indexes, SPL routines, and integrity constraints.
        Tables
        In relational database systems, a table is a row of column headings together with zero or more rows of data values. The row of column headings identifies one or more columns and a data type for each column.
        Table types for Informix®
        You can create logging or nonlogging tables in a logging database on HCL Informix®. The two table types are STANDARD (logging tables) and RAW (nonlogging tables). The default standard table is like a table created in earlier versions without a special keyword specified. You can create either a STANDARD or RAW table and change tables from one type to another.
        Tblspaces
        Database server administrators sometimes must track disk use by a particular table. A tblspace contains all the disk space allocated to a given table or table fragment (if the table is fragmented). A separate tblspace contains the disk space allocated for the associated index.
        Table fragmentation and data storage
        The fragmentation feature gives you more control over where the database stores data. You are not limited to specifying the locations of individual tables and indexes. You can also specify the location of table and index fragments, which are different parts of a table or index that are on different storage spaces.
        Amount of disk space needed to store data
        To determine how much disk space you require, follow these steps:
        The storage pool
        Every instance of the database server has a storage pool. The storage pool contains information about the directories, cooked files, and raw devices that the server can use if necessary to automatically expand an existing dbspace, temporary dbspace, sbspace, temporary sbspace, or blobspace.
        Disk-layout guidelines
        The following goals are typical for efficient disk layout:
        Sample disk layouts
        When setting out to organize disk space, the database server administrator usually has one or more of the following objectives in mind:
        Logical-volume manager
        You can use the logical-volume manager (LVM) utility to manage your disk space through user-defined logical volumes.
      - Manage disk space
        You can use several utilities and tools to manage disk spaces and the data that the database server controls.
      - Moving data with external tables
        You can use external tables to load and unload database data.
      - Storage space encryption
        You can encrypt storage spaces (dbspaces, blobspaces and smart blobspaces) with Informix Dynamic Server. The data in encrypted storage spaces is unintelligible without the encryption key. Encrypting storage spaces is an effective way to protect sensitive information that is stored on disk.
    - Logging and log administration
    - Fault tolerance
    - High availability and scalability
      A successful production environment requires database systems that are always available, with minimal if any planned outages, and that can be scaled quickly and easily as business requirements change.
    - Distributed data
    - Overview of automatic monitoring and corrective actions
      You can use the SQL administration API, the Scheduler, and drill-down queries to manage automatic maintenance, monitoring, and administrative tasks.
    - HCL Informix® server licensing
  - Administrator's Reference
    These topics include comprehensive descriptions of HCL Informix® configuration parameters, the system-monitoring interface (SMI) tables in the sysmaster database, the syntax of database server utilities such as onmode and onstat, logical-log records, disk structures, event alarms, and unnumbered error messages.
  - DB-Access User's Guide
    This publication describes how to use the DB-Access utility to access, modify, and retrieve information from HCL® Informix® database servers.
  - High-Performance Loader User's Guide
    These topics describe how to use the HCL Informix® High-Performance Loader (HPL) to load and unload large quantities of data efficiently to or from Informix databases.
  - Performance Guide
    These topics describe how to configure and operate your HCL Informix® database server to improve overall system throughput and to improve the performance of SQL queries.
  - SNMP Subagent Guide
    These topics describe the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and the software that you need to use SNMP to monitor and manage HCL Informix® database servers and databases.
  - InformixHQ Guide
    InformixHQ is a modern web console for visualizing, monitoring, and managing your Informix server instances. It is purpose built for ease-of-use, scaling out, and optimizing DevOps needs. It provides critical performance management capabilities, monitoring how key performance metrics are changing over time and tracking how efficiently Informix is running your workload even when you’ve stepped away from your screen. Its monitoring system feeds directly into a customizable alerting system so you can be immediately alerted via email, Twilio, or PagerDuty whenever an issue occurs on one of your Informix database server instances. InformixHQ is designed to be scalable to efficiently manage and monitor as many Informix database server instances as you need. Moreover, it's a tool that can be shared by the DBAs, the app developers, the ops engineers, and management and accessed from any desktop, laptop, or mobile device. InformixHQ is the centralized hub for graphical monitoring, alerting, and administration of your Informix database servers.
- Backup and Restore Guide
  These topics describe how to use the HCL® Informix® ON-Bar and ontape utilities to back up and restore database server data. These utilities enable you to recover your databases after data is lost or becomes corrupted due to hardware or software failure or accident.
- Enterprise Replication
  These topics describe the concepts of data replication using HCL Informix® Enterprise Replication, including how to design your replication system, as well as administer and manage data replication throughout your enterprise.
Migrating and upgrading
You can upgrade to the 15.0.0 release of HCL Informix® or migrate from other database servers to Informix. Upgrading is an in-place migration method that uses your existing hardware and operating system software. Some changes to the Informix database server can affect upgrading from a previous release. The resources that are external to the information center are marked as such.
Client APIs and tools
You can use the HCL Informix® implementation of client APIs to develop applications for Informix database servers.
Embedding Informix®
When you embed HCL Informix®, you can use enterprise-class high-availability and high performance with embeddability features such as easy programmability, a small disk and memory footprint, and silent deployment.
Extending Informix®
Beyond standard relational database objects, HCL Informix® can be extended to handle specialized data types, access methods, routines, and other objects. Informix includes many built-in extensions that are fully integrated in the database server. Informix also provides DataBlade® modules, which are packages of extended database objects for a particular purpose and that are installed separately from the database server. Alternatively, you can create your own user-defined objects for Informix.
Data warehousing
In addition to designing and implementing Informix® dimensional databases, you can use tools to create data warehouse applications and optimize your data warehouse queries.
Designing databases
The first step in creating a relational database is to construct a data model, which is a precise, complete definition of the data you want to store. After you prepare your data model, you must implement it as a database and tables. To implement your data model, you first select a data type for each column and then you create a database and tables and populate the tables with data. You can also implement fragmentation strategies and control access to your data.
JSON compatibility
You can use the popular JSON-oriented query language created by MongoDB to interact with data stored in HCL Informix®.
Security
You can secure your Informix® database server and the data that is stored in your Informix databases. You can encrypt data, secure connections, control user privileges and access, and audit data security.
SQL programming
You can use the HCL Informix® implementation of the SQL language to develop applications for Informix database servers.
Troubleshooting HCL Informix®
Several troubleshooting techniques, tools, and resources are available for resolving problems that you encounter in your HCL Informix® database server environment.
Informix PDF guides

Comparison of temporary and standard sbspaces

The following table compares standard and temporary sbspaces.

Table 1. Temporary and standard sbspaces
Characteristics	Standard sbspace	Temporary sbspace
Stores smart large objects	Yes	No
Stores temporary smart large objects	Yes	Yes
Logs metadata	Metadata is always logged	Metadata is not logged
Logs user data	User data is not logged for temporary smart large objects but is logged for permanent smart large objects if LOGGING=ON	User data is not logged Creation and deletion of space, and addition of chunks is logged
Fast recovery	Yes	No (the sbspace is emptied when the database server restarts) To set up shared memory without cleaning up temporary smart large objects, specify oninit -p. If you keep the temporary large objects, their state is indeterminate.
Backup and restore	Yes	No
Add and drop chunks	Yes	Yes
Configuration parameter	SBSPACENAME	SBSPACETEMP