Keywords of SQL for HCL OneDB

This appendix lists the keywords in the HCL OneDB™ implementation of SQL for HCL OneDB.

The ISO standard SQL language has many keywords. Some are designated as reserved words and others as non-reserved words. In ISO SQL, reserved words cannot be used as identifiers for database objects, such as tables, columns, and so on. To use a reserved word as a name in a valid SQL statement requires a delimited identifier (Delimited Identifiers) that you enclose between double (" ") quotation marks.

In contrast, the dialect of SQL that HCL OneDB database servers implement has few reserved words in the sense of a character string that obeys the rules for identifiers (Identifier) but always produces a compilation error or runtime error when used as an identifier. Your application might encounter restricted functionality, however, or unexpected results, if you define an SPL routine that has the same name as a built-in SQL function, expression, or operator.

Do not declare any of the keywords in this appendix as SQL identifiers. If you do, errors or syntactic ambiguities can occur if the identifier appears in a context where the keyword is valid. In addition, your code will be more difficult to read and to maintain. HCL OneDB reserves the prefixes ifx_ and sys for built-in routines and database objects. Do not use keywords of C or C++ (or of any other programming language that you will be using in an embedded mode) in your database structures. The notations IFX_* and SYS* (where * is a wildcard character for "any string") in the alphabetized lists that follow. These indicate that those prefixes should be avoided in user-defined identifiers of database objects. (Keywords of SQL that begin with those suffixes are not listed in this appendix, whose goal is to assist HCL OneDB users in avoiding names that are used internally by the database server.)

If you receive an error message that seems unrelated to the SQL statement that caused the error, review this appendix to see whether a keyword is used as an identifier.

To avoid using a keyword as an identifier, you can qualify the identifier with an owner name or modify the identifier. For example, rather than name a database object CURRENT, you might name it o_current or juanita.current. For a discussion of potential problems in using keywords as identifiers, and of additional workarounds for specific keywords, see Use of Keywords as Identifiers. See also HCL OneDB Guide to SQL: Tutorial for more information about using keywords as identifiers in SQL applications.

A

AAO
ABS
ABSOLUTE
ACCELERATE
ACCESS
ACCESS_METHOD
ACCOUNT
ACOS
ACOSH
ACTIVE
ADD
ADDRESS
ADD_MONTHS
ADMIN
AFTER
AGGREGATE
ALIGNMENT
ALL
ALL_ROWS
ALLOCATE
ALTER
AND
ANSI
ANY
APPEND
AQT
ARRAY
AS
ASC
ASCII
ASIN
ASINH
ASYNC
AT
ATAN
ATAN2
ATANH
ATTACH
ATTRIBUTES
AUDIT
AUTHENTICATION
AUTHID
AUTHORIZATION
AUTHORIZED
AUTO
AUTOFREE
AUTOLOCATE
AUTO_READAHEAD
AUTO_REPREPARE
AUTO_STAT_MODE
AVG
AVOID_EXECUTE
AVOID_FACT
AVOID_FULL
AVOID_HASH
AVOID_INDEX
AVOID_INDEX_SJ
AVOID_MULTI_INDEX
AVOID_NL
AVOID_STAR_JOIN

B

BARGROUP
BASED
BEFORE
BEGIN
BETWEEN
BIGINT
BIGSERIAL
BINARY
BITAND
BITANDNOT
BITNOT
BITOR
BITXOR
BLOB
BLOBDIR
BOOLEAN
BOTH
BOUND_IMPL_PDQ
BSON
BUCKETS
BUFFERED
BUILTIN
BY
BYTE

C

CACHE
CALL
CANNOTHASH
CARDINALITY
CASCADE
CASE
CAST
CEIL
CHAR
CHAR_LENGTH
CHARACTER
CHARACTER_LENGTH
CHARINDEX
CHECK
CHR
CLASS
CLASS_ORIGIN
CLEANUP
CLIENT
CLOB
CLOBDIR
CLOSE
CLUSTER
CLUSTER_TXN_SCOPE
COBOL
CODESET
COLLATION
COLLECTION
COLUMN
COLUMNS
COMMIT
COMMITTED
COMMUTATOR
COMPONENT
COMPONENTS
COMPRESSED
CONCAT
CONCURRENT
CONNECT
CONNECTION
CONNECTION_NAME
CONNECT_BY_ISCYCLE
CONNECT_BY_ISLEAF
CONNECT_BY_ROOT
CONST
CONSTRAINT
CONSTRAINTS
CONSTRUCTOR
CONTEXT
CONTINUE
COPY
COS
COSH
COSTFUNC
COUNT
CRCOLS
CREATE
CROSS
CUME_DIST
CURRENT
CURRENT_ROLE
CURRENT_USER
CURRVAL
CURSOR
CYCLE

D

DATA
DATABASE
DATAFILES
DATASKIP
DATE
DATETIME
DAY
DBA
DBDATE
DBINFO
DBPASSWORD
DBSA
DBSERVERNAME
DBSECADM
DBSSO
DEALLOCATE
DEBUG
DEBUGMODE
DEBUG_ENV
DEC
DECIMAL
DECLARE
DECODE
DECRYPT_BINARY
DECRYPT_CHAR
DEC_T
DEFAULT
DEFAULTESCCHAR
DEFAULT_ROLE
DEFAULT_USER
DEFERRED
DEFERRED_PREPARE
DEFINE
DEGREES
DELAY
DELETE
DELETING
DELIMITED
DELIMITER
DELUXE
DENSERANK
DENSE_RANK
DESC
DESCRIBE
DESCRIPTOR
DETACH
DIAGNOSTICS
DIRECTIVES
DIRTY
DISABLE
DISABLED
DISCARD
DISCONNECT
DISK
DISTINCT
DISTRIBUTEBINARY
DISTRIBUTESREFERENCES
DISTRIBUTIONS
DOCUMENT
DOMAIN
DONOTDISTRIBUTE
DORMANT
DOUBLE
DROP
DTIME_T

E

EACH
ELIF
ELSE
ENABLE
ENABLED
ENCRYPT_AES
ENCRYPT_TDES
ENCRYPTION
END
ENUM
ENVIRONMENT
ERKEY
ERROR
ESCAPE
EXCEPT
EXCEPTION
EXCLUSIVE
EXEC
EXECUTE
EXECUTEANYWHERE
EXEMPTION
EXISTS
EXIT
EXP
EXPLAIN
EXPLICIT
EXPRESS
EXPRESSION
EXTDIRECTIVES
EXTEND
EXTENT
EXTERNAL
EXTYPEID
EXTYPELENGTH
EXTYPENAME
EXTYPEOWNERLENGTH
EXTYPEOWNERNAME

F

FACT
FALLBACK
FALSE
FAR
FETCH
FILE
FILETOBLOB
FILETOCLOB
FILLFACTOR
FILTERING
FINAL
FIRST
FIRST_ROWS
FIRST_VALUE
FIXCHAR
FIXED
FLOAT
FLOOR
FLUSH
FOLLOWING
FOR
FORCE
FORCED
FORCE_DDL_EXEC
FOREACH
FOREIGN
FORMAT
FORMAT_UNITS
FORTRAN
FOUND
FRACTION
FRAGMENT
FRAGMENTS
FREE
FROM
FULL
FUNCTION

G

G
GB
GENBSON
GENERAL
GET
GETHINT
GIB
GLOBAL
GO
GOTO
GRANT
GREATERTHAN
GREATERTHANOREQUAL
GRID
GRID_NODE_SKIP
GROUP

H

HANDLESNULLS
HASH
HAVING
HDR
HDR_TXN_SCOPE
HEX
HIGH
HINT
HOLD
HOME
HOUR

I

IDATA
IDSLBACREADARRAY
IDSLBACREADSET
IDSLBACREADTREE
IDSLBACRULES
IDSLBACWRITEARRAY
IDSLBACWRITESET
IDSLBACWRITETREE
IDSSECURITYLABEL
IF
IFX_*
ILENGTH
IMMEDIATE
IMPLICIT
IMPLICIT_PDQ
IN
INACTIVE
INCREMENT
INDEX
INDEXES
INDEX_ALL
INDEX_SJ
INDICATOR
INFORMIX
CONNECT_RETRIES
CONNECT_TIMEOUT
INIT
INITCAP
INLINE
INNER
INOUT
INSENSITIVE
INSERT
INSERTING
INSTEAD
INSTR
INT
INT8
INTEG
INTEGER
INTERNAL
INTERNALLENGTH
INTERSECT
INTERVAL
INTO
INTRVL_T
IS
ISCANONICAL
ISOLATION
ITEM
ITERATOR
ITYPE

J - K

JAVA
JOIN
JSON
K
KB
KEEP
KEY
KIB

L

LABEL
LABELEQ
LABELGE
LABELGLB
LABELGT
LABELLE
LABELLT
LABELLUB
LABELTOSTRING
LAG
LANGUAGE
LAST
LAST_DAY
LAST_VALUE
LATERAL
LEAD
LEADING
LEFT
LEN
LENGTH
LESSTHAN
LESSTHANOREQUAL
LET
LEVEL
LIKE
LIMIT
LIST
LISTING
LOAD
LOCAL
LOCATOR
LOCK
LOCKS
LOCOPY
LOC_T
LOG
LOG10
LOGN
LONG
LOOP
LOTOFILE
LOW
LOWER
LPAD
LTRIM
LVARCHAR

M

M
MATCHED
MATCHES
MAX
MAXERRORS
MAXLEN
MAXVALUE
MB
MDY
MEDIAN
MEDIUM
MEMORY
MEMORY_RESIDENT
MERGE
MESSAGE_LENGTH
MESSAGE_TEXT
MIB
MIN
MINUS
MINUTE
MINVALUE
MOD
MODE
MODERATE
MODIFY
MODULE
MONEY
MONTH
MONTHS_BETWEEN
MORE
MULTISET
MULTI_INDEX

N

NAME
NCHAR
NEAR_SYNC
NEGATOR
NEW
NEXT
NEXT_DAY
NEXTVAL
NLSCASE
NO
NOCACHE
NOCYCLE
NOMAXVALUE
NOMIGRATE
NOMINVALUE
NONE
NON_RESIDENT
NON_DIM
NOORDER
NORMAL
NOT
NOTEMPLATEARG
NOTEQUAL|
NOVALIDATE
NTILE
NULL
NULLABLE
NULLIF
NULLS
NUMBER
NUMERIC
NUMROWS
NUMTODSINTERVAL
NUMTOYMINTERVAL
NVARCHAR
NVL

O

OCTET_LENGTH
OF
OFF
OLD
ON
ONLINE
ONLY
OPAQUE
OPCLASS
OPEN
OPTCOMPIND
OPTIMIZATION
OPTION
OR
ORDER
ORDERED
OUT
OUTER
OUTPUT
OVER
OVERRIDE

P

PAGE
PARALLELIZABLE
PARAMETER
PARTITION
PASCAL
PASSEDBYVALUE
PASSWORD
PDQPRIORITY
PERCALL_COST
PERCENT_RANK
PIPE
PLI
PLOAD
POLICY
POW
POWER
PRECEDING
PRECISION
PREPARE
PREVIOUS
PRIMARY
PRIOR
PRIVATE
PRIVILEGES
PROBE
PROCEDURE
PROPERTIES
PUBLIC
PUT

Q

QUARTER

R

RADIANS
RAISE
RANGE
RANK
RATIOTOREPORT
RATIO_TO_REPORT
RAW
READ
REAL
RECORDEND
REFERENCES
REFERENCING
REGISTER
REJECTFILE
RELATIVE
RELEASE
REMAINDER
RENAME
REOPTIMIZATION
REPEATABLE
REPLACE
REPLICATION
RESOLUTION
RESOURCE
RESTART
RESTRICT
RESUME
RETAIN
RETAINUPDATELOCKS
RETURN
RETURNED_SQLSTATE
RETURNING
RETURNS
REUSE
REVERSE
REVOKE
RIGHT
ROBIN
ROLE
ROLLBACK
ROLLFORWARD
ROLLING
ROOT
ROUND
ROUTINE
ROW
ROWID
ROWIDS
ROWNUMBER
ROWS
ROW_COUNT
ROW_NUMBER
RPAD
RTRIM
RULE

S

SAMEAS
SAMPLES
SAMPLING
SAVE
SAVEPOINT
SCHEMA
SCALE
SCROLL
SECLABEL_BY_COMP
SECLABEL_BY_NAME
SECLABEL_TO_CHAR
SECOND
SECONDARY
SECURED
SECURITY
SECTION
SELCONST
SELECT
SELECTING
SELECT_GRID
SELECT_GRID_ALL
SELFUNC
SELFUNCARGS
SENSITIVE
SEQUENCE
SERIAL
SERIAL8
SERIALIZABLE
SERVER
SERVER_NAME
SERVERUUID
SESSION
SET
SETSESSIONAUTH
SHARE
SHORT
SIBLINGS
SIGNED
SIN
SITENAME
SIZE
SKIP
SMALLFLOAT
SMALLINT
SOME
SOURCEID
SOURCETYPE
SPACE
SPECIFIC
SQL
SQLCODE
SQLCONTEXT
SQLERROR
SQLSTATE
SQLWARNING
SQRT
STABILITY
STACK
STANDARD
START
STAR_JOIN
STATCHANGE
STATEMENT
STATIC
STATISTICS
STATLEVEL
STATUS
STDEV
STEP
STOP
STORAGE
STORE
STRATEGIES
STRING
STRINGTOLABEL
STRUCT
STYLE
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBSTRING_INDEX
SUM
SUPPORT
SYNC
SYNONYM
SYS*

T

T
TABLE
TABLES
TAN
TASK
TB
TEMP
TEMPLATE
TEST
TEXT
THEN
TIB
TIME
TO
TODAY
TO_CHAR
TO_DATE
TO_DSINTERVAL
TO_NUMBER
TO_YMINTERVAL
TRACE
TRAILING
TRANSACTION
TRANSITION
TREE
TRIGGER
TRIGGERS
TRIM
TRUE
TRUNC
TRUNCATE
TRUSTED
TYPE
TYPEDEF
TYPEID
TYPENAME
TYPEOF

U

UID
UNBOUNDED
UNCOMMITTED
UNDER
UNION
UNIQUE
UNIQUECHECK
UNITS
UNKNOWN
UNLOAD
UNLOCK
UNSIGNED
UPDATE
UPDATING
UPON
UPPER
USAGE
USE
USELASTCOMMITTED
USER
USE_DWA
USE_HASH
USE_NL
USING
USTLOW_SAMPLE

V

VALUE
VALUES
VAR
VARCHAR
VARIABLE
VARIANCE
VARIANT
VARYING
VERCOLS
VIEW
VIOLATIONS
VOID
VOLATILE

W - Z

WAIT
WARNING
WEEKDAY
WHEN
WHENEVER
WHERE
WHILE
WITH
WITHOUT
WORK
WRITE
WRITEDOWN
WRITEUP
XADATASOURCE
XID
XLOAD
XUNLOAD
YEAR