How can I refine a search query using operators?

Search operators are words and characters that search for words, fields, dates, and numbers in specific combinations. You can use operators to refine your search.

Operators work the same way they do in most Web search engines--that is, they are based on Boolean logic--with some very powerful enhancements.

For example, you can create a search for two words that appear in the same document, specifying how close they should be to one another, what field they must be in, and their exact case. In addition, you can specify that one word should be judged as more important than the other, so documents containing the first word appear closer to the top of the list of search results. Using wildcards, you can also search for word fragments.

To use an operator in your search, enter it into the text entry box in the Search bar, using a format shown in the table examples below.

Web query syntax

The operators listed and described in the Notes® query syntax table work for web-style search query syntax with the following qualifiers:

Operators must be in all uppercase in order to apply properly for a web-style query. If you enter an operator in lowercase (such as, accrue or exactcase), Search assumes it is being used as an actual term instead of as an operator.
The exceptions to this rule are the common word operators AND, OR, and NOT, which do not have to be in uppercase. Note, however, that NOT is not an operator, so if the word NOT, in any case, precedes a word without a needed operator, AND will be added, for instance (not ibm) => (and not ibm). In Web query syntax, the - (minus sign) is the operator that has the meaning not.
An asterisk used as a wildcard can only be used at the end of a search term, not at the beginning or in the middle of the term.

Notes query syntax

Operators are reserved words in Notes®. If you want to search for an operator as you would normal text, for example in a phrase such as Gene and Joan, you must put the phrase in quotes.

The following operators work if Notes® query syntax is the selected preference. They also work for Web query syntax with the exceptions described in the preceding section.

Table 1. Operator descriptions
Operator	Description and examples	Where operator works
CONTAINS contains =	Requires that the field before it must contain the text after it. There should be spaces between 'CONTAINS' and words surrounding it. Example `[Projectname] CONTAINS top secret` Finds documents whose Projectname field contains the words 'top secret.'	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - No
IS PRESENT	Requires that the field before it must be non-blank. There should be spaces between 'IS PRESENT' and words surrounding it. This operator can be used to find all documents that do (or do not) contain a value in a particular field. Example `[Subject] IS PRESENT` Finds documents whose Subject field is non-blank.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - No
field fieldname FIELD fieldname [fieldname] (use square brackets)	Means 'search this field.' You must specify the field to search by using its field name. Example Each of the following are equivalent ways to find documents whose Projectname field contains the phrase top secret: `FIELD Projectname CONTAINS top secret` `field Projectname CONTAINS top secret` `[Projectname] CONTAINS top secret` Note: Notes® stores file attachments in the $FILE field.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - No Web view/domain - Yes but in view searches only
( ) [parentheses]	Determines the order in which sections of your query are processed. A part of the query enclosed in parentheses will be processed before parts outside the parentheses. Example `(FIELD Projectname CONTAINS top secret OR FIELD Title CONTAINS tuna) AND (Field body CONTAINS cat OR Field revdate > 01/01/2004)` Return documents whose Projectname field contains the words 'top secret' or whose title field contains the word 'tuna'; and either the body field contains the word cat or the revdate field contains a date greater than 01/01/2004.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - No Web view/domain - Yes
and AND & +	Finds documents containing all the conditions or words linked by AND. Example `cat AND dog AND fish` Finds documents containing all three of these words.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes except '&' does not work
or OR \| ACCRUE , (comma)	Finds documents containing either of the conditions or words and returns them ranked by number of appearances in the document. Example `cat OR dog OR fish` Finds documents containing at least one of these words. Note: ACCRUE works slightly better than OR when sorting results by relevance.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
NOT not !	Excludes documents containing the term that appears after the operator. Examples You can put NOT between words: `cat AND NOT dog` finds documents containing the word cat, but not if they also contain the word dog. `(cat OR dog) AND NOT (fish OR frogs` finds documents containing the word cat or dog, but not if they also contain the word fish or frog. `(cat AND dog) AND NOT fish` finds documents containing the words cat and dog, but not if they also contain the word fish. You can put NOT before any field name: `NOT [Projectname] CONTAINS top secret` finds documents whose Projectname field does not contain the words 'top secret.' You cannot put NOT after the math symbols =, <, >, <=, or >=; and before a date or number: `[date1] = NOT 12/25/2002` is not an appropriate query.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
	Requires that only documents containing the exact phrase are returned. Placing double quotes around operators (like AND, OR, CONTAINS etc.) allows them to be read as normal words. Example `rock and roll` Finds documents containing the phrase rock and roll.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
PARAGRAPH paragraph	Finds documents in which the words surrounding PARAGRAPH are in the same paragraph, and ranks them by how close they are. Example `car PARAGRAPH wheels` Finds documents in which 'car' and 'wheels' appear in the same paragraph and ranks them by how close the words are within the paragraph.	Notes® view - Yes (If the application's full-text index has been created with the `Index sentence and paragraph breaks` option selected. For more information, see the topic Full-text index options.) Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - No
SENTENCE sentence	Finds documents in which the words surrounding SENTENCE are in the same sentence, and ranks them by how close they are. Example `car SENTENCE wheels` Finds documents in which 'car' and 'wheels' appear in the same sentence and ranks them by how close the words are within the sentence.	Notes® view - Yes (If the application's full-text index has been created with the `Index sentence and paragraph breaks` option selected. For more information, see the topic Full-text index options.) Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - No
?	A wildcard that can represent any single letter. It does not work with dates or numbers. Examples `?one` Finds documents containing bone, cone, done, gone (and any other four-letter words that end with 'one') `???ck` Finds documents containing stack, clock, stick, truck; rack, rick, rock	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
*	A wildcard that can represent any extension of letters. It does not work with dates or numbers. Examples `one` Finds documents containing bone, cone, clone, crone, done, drone, gone, telephone (and any other words of any length that end with 'one'). Also, `one*` Finds documents containing bone, cone, clone, lonely, phoned, stoned, pardoned.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
TERMWEIGHT termweight	Gives importance, or weight, to search words. You can use any value from 0 through 65537 to assign weight. Example `TERMWEIGHT 25 photo or TERMWEIGHT 75 audio or TERMWEIGHT 50 video` Finds documents containing at least one of the words. 'Audio' is most important, 'video' is next, and 'photo' is least important. Notes® ranks results accordingly. You need an AND or OR between first TERMWEIGHT and subsequent ones.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes
EXACTCASE exactcase	Search for the exact case of the word sepcified after the operator. Example `exactcase Apple` Finds documents containing Apple, but not APPLE or apple.	Notes® view - Yes (If the application's full-text index has been created with the `Enabled case sensitive searches` option selected. For more information, see the topic Full-text index options.) Notes® domain - No Web view/domain - No
= (equal) < (less than) > (greater than) <= (less than or equal) >= (greater than or equal)	Search for numbers or dates in numeric or date fields only. Example `FIELD date1<12/25/98` Finds documents whose 'date1' field contains any date before 12/25/98.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - No
- (hyphen)	Finds documents with the hyphenated word pair. Example `full-text` Finds documents containing full-text.	Notes® view - Yes Notes® domain - Yes Web view/domain - Yes

Field name special cases

Use the fieldname _CreationDate to find documents by the date they were created. For example,

[_CreationDate]=1/05/2001

finds documents created on January 5, 2001.

Use the fieldname _RevisionDate to find documents by the day they were last modified. For example,

[_RevisionDate]=1/05/2001

finds documents that were last modified on January 5, 2001.

These fields are contained in a document's header, not the document itself, and are therefore not in the list of field names found in the Document properties dialog box.

Note: If a language does not support the concept of uppercase, then any word that is also an operator will be treated as an operator.