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SQL programming
You can use the HCL Informix® implementation of the SQL language to develop applications for Informix database servers.
Guide to SQL: Syntax
The Informix® Guide to SQL: Syntax describes the syntax of the statements, data types, expressions, operators, and built-in functions of the Informix dialect of the SQL language.
Data types and expressions
These topics describe the data types and expressions that Informix®supports.
Expression
Function Expressions
String-Manipulation Functions
String-manipulation functions perform various operations on strings of characters.
ASCII Function

SQL programming
You can use the HCL Informix® implementation of the SQL language to develop applications for Informix database servers.
- Guide to SQL: Syntax
  The Informix® Guide to SQL: Syntax describes the syntax of the statements, data types, expressions, operators, and built-in functions of the Informix dialect of the SQL language.
  - Overview of SQL syntax
    These topics provide an overview about how to use the SQL statements, SPL statements, and syntax segments.
  - SQL statements
    This chapter describes the syntax and semantics of SQL statements that are recognized by Informix®.
  - SPL statements
    These topics describe Stored Procedure Language (SPL) statements, which you use to write SPL routines. You can store these routines in the database as user-defined routines (UDRs).
  - Data types and expressions
    These topics describe the data types and expressions that Informix®supports.
    - Scope of Segment Descriptions
    - Use of Segment Descriptions
    - Data type and expression segments
      Data type and expression segments can appear in SQL statements.
    - Collection Subquery
    - Condition
    - Data Type
      The Data Type segment specifies the data type of a column, of a component of a collection, of a field within a ROW type, of a routine parameter, or of a value returned by an expression or by a cast function. Use this segment whenever you see a reference to a data type in a syntax diagram.
    - DATETIME Field Qualifier
      Use a DATETIME Field Qualifier to specify the largest and smallest unit of time in a DATETIME column or value. Use this segment whenever you see a reference to a DATETIME Field Qualifier in a syntax diagram.
    - Expression
      - List of Expressions
        Each category of SQL expression includes many individual expressions.
      - Arithmetic Operators
      - Bitwise Logical Functions
      - Concatenation Operator
      - CAST Expressions
        Use the CAST (... AS ...) keywords or the double-colon ( :: ) cast operator to convert the data type of the value of an expression to some other target data type.
      - Column Expressions
        A column expression specifies a data value in a column in the database, or a substring of the value, or a field within a ROW-type column, or a field in a BSON column.
      - Conditional Expressions
      - Constant Expressions
        Certain expressions that return a fixed value are called constant expressions. These include variant function operators that read the system clock, but that are valid in contexts where literal constants are also valid.
      - Constructor Expressions
      - NULL Keyword
      - Function Expressions
        Algebraic Functions
        Bitshift Functions
        Bitshift functions perform a bit shift operation on an integer or bigint value and return the shift result.
        CARDINALITY Function
        The CARDINALITY function returns the number of elements in a collection column (SET, MULTISET, LIST).
        SQLCODE Function (SPL)
        The SQLCODE function takes no arguments, but returns to its calling context the value of sqlca.sqlcode for the most recently executed SQL statement (whether static or dynamic) that the current SPL routine has executed. Only use SQLCODE in the context of a cursor.
        DBINFO Function
        Encryption and decryption functions
        Informix® supports built-in encryption and decryption functions.
        DECRYPT_CHAR Function
        DECRYPT_BINARY Function
        ENCRYPT_AES Function
        ENCRYPT_TDES Function
        GETHINT Function
        Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
        Exponential and logarithmic functions take at least one argument and return a FLOAT data type.
        NVL2 Function
        Returns the second argument when the first argument is not NULL. If the first argument is NULL, the third argument is returned.
        HEX Function
        Length functions
        Use length functions to determine the length of a character column, string, or variable, or of the value returned by a character expression, or (for CHAR_LENGTH in multibyte locales) the number of logical characters.
        Security Label Support Functions
        SIGN function
        The SIGN function returns an indicator of the sign of the argument.
        Smart-Large-Object Functions
        The smart-large-object functions support objects of BLOB and CLOB data types:
        Time Functions
        The time functions of Informix® accept DATE or DATETIME arguments, or character representation of a DATE or DATETIME value. They typically return DATE or DATETIME values, or convert information that they extract from DATE or DATETIME values into character strings or integers.
        TO_NUMBER Function
        The TO_NUMBER function can convert a number or a character expression representing a number value to a DECIMAL data type.
        Trigonometric Functions
        The built-in trigonometric functions calculate ratios of the lengths of the sides of right triangles. Two supporting functions, DEGREES and RADIANS, can respectively convert the units of angular values from radians to degrees, and from degrees to radians.
        String-Manipulation Functions
        String-manipulation functions perform various operations on strings of characters.
        CONCAT Function
        Return Types from CONCAT and String Functions
        Return String Types in Distributed Transactions
        ASCII Function
        TRIM Function
        LTRIM Function
        RTRIM Function
        SPACE function
        The SPACE function creates a character string of a specified number of blank spaces. The maximum length of the returned string value can be 32,739 blank characters.
        REVERSE function
        The REVERSE function accepts a character expression as its argument, and returns a string of the same length, but with the ordinal positions of every logical character reversed.
        REPLACE Function
        LPAD Function
        The LPAD function returns a copy of source_string that is left-padded to the total number of characters specified by length.
        RPAD Function
        The RPAD function returns a copy of source_string that is right-padded to the total number of characters that the length argument specifies.
        CHR Function
        This function accepts an unsigned integer argument, and returns a single logical character.
        Case-Conversion Functions
        The case-conversion functions perform lettercase conversion on alphabetic characters. In the default locale, only the ASCII characters in the ranges A - Z and a - z can be modified by these functions, which enable you to perform case-insensitive searches in your queries and to specify the format of the output.
        Substring functions
        The built-in SQL substring functions return substrings from character string arguments, or return positional information for operations on substrings.
        FORMAT_UNITS Function
        The FORMAT_UNITS function can interpret strings that specify a number and the abbreviated names of units of memory or of mass storage.
        IFX_ALLOW_NEWLINE Function
        The IFX_ALLOW_NEWLINE function sets a newline mode that allows newline characters in quoted strings or disallows newline characters in quoted strings within the current session.
        User-Defined Functions
        A user-defined function (UDF) is a routine that you write in SPL or in a language external to the database, such as C or Java™, and that returns a value to its calling context.
      - Statement-Local Variable Expressions
      - Aggregate Expressions
    - OLAP window expressions
      You can include On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) expressions in a SELECT statement to operate on subsets of the rows in the result set of a query or subquery. You can use OLAP window expressions to examine subsets of the qualifying rows for patterns, trends, or exceptions in the data.
    - INTERVAL Field Qualifier
    - Literal Collection
    - Literal DATETIME
      The Literal DATETIME segment specifies a DATETIME value
    - Literal INTERVAL
      The Literal INTERVAL segment specifies a literal INTERVAL value. Use this whenever you see a reference to a literal INTERVAL in a syntax diagram.
    - Literal Number
    - Literal Row
      The Literal Row segment specifies the syntax for literal values of named and unnamed ROW data types.
    - Quoted String
    - Relational Operator
  - Other syntax segments
    These topics describe syntax segments, which are language elements, such as database object names or optimizer directives, that appear as a subdiagram reference in the syntax diagrams of some SQL or SPL statements.
  - Built-In Routines
  - Appendixes
- Guide to SQL: Reference
  The Informix® Guide to SQL: Reference contains the reference information for the system catalog tables, data types, and environment variables of the HCL Informix dialect of the SQL language, as implemented in HCL Informix. These topics also include information about the stores_demo, sales_demo, and superstore_demo databases that are included with HCL Informix.
- Guide to SQL: Tutorial
  The Informix® Guide to SQL: Tutorial shows how to use basic and advanced structured query language (SQL) to access and manipulate the data in your databases. It discusses the data manipulation language (DML) statements as well as triggers and stored procedure language (SPL) routines, which DML statements often use.

ASCII Function

The ASCII function returns the decimal representation of the first character in a character string, based on its codepoint in the ASCII character set.

ASCII Function

ASCII(char_expr)


Element	Description	Restrictions	Syntax
char_expr	Expression that evaluates to a character data type	Must be of type CHAR, LVARCHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, or VARCHAR	Identifier

The ASCII function takes a single argument of any character data type. It returns an integer value, based on the first character of the argument, corresponding to the decimal representation of the codepoint of that character within the ASCII character set.

If the argument is NULL, or if the argument is an empty string, the ASCII function returns a NULL value.

The following query returns the ASCII value of uppercase H:

SELECT ASCII("HELLO") FROM systables WHERE tabid = 1;

The following table shows the output of this SELECT statement.


(constant)
72

The following query returns the ASCII value of lowercase h:

SELECT ASCII("hello") FROM systables WHERE tabid = 1;

The following table shows the output of this SELECT statement.


(constant)
104

The following query returns the ASCII output from an empty string argument:

SELECT ASCII("") FROM systables WHERE tabid = 1;

The following table shows the NULL output of this SELECT statement.


(constant)

The following query returns the ASCII output from a NULL argument:

SELECT ASCII(NULL) FROM systables WHERE tabid = 1;

The following table shows the NULL output of this SELECT statement.


(constant)

The ASCII function interprets this argument as a NULL expression, rather than as a value that begins with uppercase N.

For a table of the numeric values of the codepoints in the ASCII character set, see Collating Order for U.S. English Data.