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Security
You can secure your Informix® database server and the data that is stored in your Informix databases. You can encrypt data, secure connections, control user privileges and access, and audit data security.
Security in HCL Informix®
The Informix® Security Guide documents methods for keeping your data secure by preventing unauthorized viewing and altering of data or database objects, including how to use the secure-auditing facility of the database server.
Securing data
Connection security
You can administer the security of the connections to the database server by using authentication and authorization processes.
Single sign-on
Single sign-on is an authentication feature that bypasses the requirement to provide user name and password after a user logs into the client computer's operating system.
Configuring ESQL/C and ODBC drivers for SSO
The steps for preparing the SQLHOSTS information and the Generic Security Services (GSS) CSM configuration file for ESQL/C and ODBC and a client computer are similar to the corresponding server-side setup procedures.

Security
You can secure your Informix® database server and the data that is stored in your Informix databases. You can encrypt data, secure connections, control user privileges and access, and audit data security.
- Security in HCL Informix®
  The Informix® Security Guide documents methods for keeping your data secure by preventing unauthorized viewing and altering of data or database objects, including how to use the secure-auditing facility of the database server.
  - Securing data
    - HCL Informix® directory security
      utilities and product directories are secure by default.
    - Network data encryption
      Use network encryption to encrypt data transmitted between server and client, and between server and other server.
    - Column-level encryption
      You can use column-level encryption to store sensitive data in an encrypted format. After encrypting sensitive data, such as credit card numbers, only users who can provide a secret password can decrypt the data.
    - Connection security
      You can administer the security of the connections to the database server by using authentication and authorization processes.
      - Authentication mechanisms
        You can configure the Informix® server authentication mechanisms to meet varying requirements, such as different security methods required for local and remote connections, database access by users without operating system accounts on the servers host computer, and non-root installation.
      - Internal users (UNIX™, Linux™)
        The DBSA can grant database access to users that do not authenticate on the OS of the host computer by mapping PAM-authenticated users to OS-level entities or by configuring the server to perform internal authentication.
      - Guest account (Windows™)
        Disable the Windows™ Guest account to prevent anonymous logins.
      - Trusted-context objects and trusted connections
        You can use trusted-context objects and trusted connections to increase system performance and security within a three-tier application model.
      - Pluggable authentication modules (UNIX™ or Linux™)
        A Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) is a well-defined framework for supporting different authentication modules that were originally developed by Sun Microsystems. PAM is supported in both 32- and 64-bit modes on Solaris, Linux™, HP-UX and AIX®.
      - LDAP authentication support on Windows™
      - Authentication module deployment
      - Simple password encryption
        The simple password communication support module (SPWDCSM) provides password encryption.
      - Single sign-on
        Single sign-on is an authentication feature that bypasses the requirement to provide user name and password after a user logs into the client computer's operating system.
        Kerberos authentication
        For single sign-on, the user login process and authentication must employ a Kerberos 5 network infrastructure, including a dedicated Key Distribution Center computer.
        Setting up an SSO authentication environment
        Establishing SSO authentication for Informix® involves configuration of a secured Key Distribution Center computer and connectivity files, along with generation of client and server service principals.
        Clients supporting SSO
        Client programs that are available in the can connect to Informix® with SSO.
        Preparing the Informix® DBMS for Kerberos authentication
        Configure your login process and user authentication to function with a Kerberos 5 mechanism before you set up Informix® for single sign-on.
        Configuring the HCL Informix® instance for SSO
        Complete the following tasks for the server side of your system to enable SSO functionality with HCL Informix®:
        Configuring ESQL/C and ODBC drivers for SSO
        The steps for preparing the SQLHOSTS information and the Generic Security Services (GSS) CSM configuration file for ESQL/C and ODBC and a client computer are similar to the corresponding server-side setup procedures.
        Configuring JDBC Driver for SSO
        When JDBC Driver is the client for SSO, use the DriverManager.getConnection() method, with an SSO connection property set to the Informix® service principal.
      - Securing local connections to a host
        The database server administrator (DBSA) can use the SECURITY_LOCALCONNECTION configuration parameter to set up security checking for local connections with the same host.
      - Limiting denial-of-service flood attacks
        Informix® has multiple listener threads (listen_authenticate) to limit denial-of-service (DOS) attacks.
    - Discretionary access control
      Discretionary access control verifies whether the user who is attempting to perform an operation has been granted the required privileges to perform that operation.
    - Label-Based Access Control
      You can use label-based access control (LBAC), an implementation of multi-level security (MLS), to control who has read access and who has write access to individual rows and columns of data.
  - Auditing data security

Configuring ESQL/C and ODBC drivers for SSO

The steps for preparing the SQLHOSTS information and the Generic Security Services (GSS) CSM configuration file for ESQL/C and ODBC and a client computer are similar to the corresponding server-side setup procedures.

Before you begin

Complete the tasks outlined in Configuring the HCL Informix instance for SSO before working on your client.

About this task

See Clients supporting SSO for a list of clients that support SSO with Informix®.

Procedure

Complete any setup steps specific to the client software you are using. This includes the following steps:
1. For ESQL/C, include an sqlhosts entry specifying onsoctcp in the NETTYPE field and csm=(GSSCSM) in the OPTIONS field matching the same information for the Kerberos service in the server's SQLHOSTS information.
  For example, the following entry can be valid for the company JK Enterprises if the port number is already set in $INFORMIXDIR/etc/services:
```
ol_sso_krb  onsoctcp  jkent-005 ol_sso_svce csm=(GSSCSM)
```
2. Add Options="csm=(GSSCSM)" to the connection settings for the SSO-enabled database server entry in the odbc.ini file, as illustrated in the following example:
```
Driver=/usr/informix/lib/cli/iclit09b.so
Description=HCL Informix ODBC DRIVER
Database=stores_demo
ServerName=ol_sso_krb
Options="csm=(GSSCSM)"
```
Create the communications support module (CSM) configuration file for the client computer.
This file must be named $INFORMIXDIR/etc/concsm.cfg on UNIX™ and Linux™ platforms, and $INFORMIXDIR/etc/concsm.cfg on Windows™. Read the CSM configuration file information for details about file requirements.
Add a line to concsm.cfg for the client computer shared libraries and for the global and connection options.
See Set up the concsm.cfg file for SSO for how to enter this configuration information.