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Extending Informix®
Beyond standard relational database objects, HCL Informix® can be extended to handle specialized data types, access methods, routines, and other objects. Informix includes many built-in extensions that are fully integrated in the database server. Informix also provides DataBlade® modules, which are packages of extended database objects for a particular purpose and that are installed separately from the database server. Alternatively, you can create your own user-defined objects for Informix.
Creating extensions
You can create user-defined data types, routines, access methods, and other database objects to suit your needs. You can use application programming interfaces to write user-defined routines and applications that access data in Informix® databases.
DataBlade® API Programmer's Guide
The Informix® DataBlade® API Programmer's Guide describes information about the DataBlade API, the C-language application programming interface (API) provided with HCL Informix.
Database access
Exceptions and events
This section describes exceptions and events, and explains how to handle them in DataBlade® API modules.
Database server exceptions
When the database server or a UDR raises a database server exception, the DataBlade® API invokes any callbacks that are registered for the exception.
Overriding the default exception handling
By default, the DataBlade® API stops the current statement when the statement generates a database runtime error and continues execution when the statement generates a database warning.
Exceptions in a C UDR (Server)
If a C UDR has not registered an exception callback on the current connection, the DataBlade® API takes a default action based on the exception level of the MI_Exception event.
Determine how to handle the exception
The return value of an exception callback tells the database server how to continue handling a database server exception once the callback completes.

Extending Informix®
Beyond standard relational database objects, HCL Informix® can be extended to handle specialized data types, access methods, routines, and other objects. Informix includes many built-in extensions that are fully integrated in the database server. Informix also provides DataBlade® modules, which are packages of extended database objects for a particular purpose and that are installed separately from the database server. Alternatively, you can create your own user-defined objects for Informix.
- Informix® extensions and DataBlade® modules
  These topics describe how to use built-in database extensions and separately installed DataBlade® modules.
- Creating extensions
  You can create user-defined data types, routines, access methods, and other database objects to suit your needs. You can use application programming interfaces to write user-defined routines and applications that access data in Informix® databases.
  - DataBlade® API Programmer's Guide
    The Informix® DataBlade® API Programmer's Guide describes information about the DataBlade API, the C-language application programming interface (API) provided with HCL Informix.
    - DataBlade® API overview
    - Data manipulation
    - Database access
      - Connection handling
        This section describes how to initialize, establish, and close connections.
      - Execute SQL statements
        One basic task of a DataBlade® API module is to send SQL statements to the database server for execution.
      - Execute user-defined routines
        This section provides information about how to call a user-defined routine (UDR).
      - Exceptions and events
        This section describes exceptions and events, and explains how to handle them in DataBlade® API modules.
        DataBlade® API event types
        For a DataBlade® API module, an event is a communication from HCL Informix® software that indicates the existence of some predefined condition, usually the occurrence of an exception (warning or error). The DataBlade API represents an event as one of the enumerated values of the MI_EVENT_TYPE data type.
        Event-handling mechanisms
        An event-handling mechanism provides a way for one DataBlade® API module to inform another module (or another part of the same module) that an event has occurred during execution of a function.
        Callback functions
        To catch or handle an event, you create a C function called a callback function. In your DataBlade® API module, you can register callback functions to handle recovery from events. The DataBlade API invokes a registered (and enabled) callback when the event associated with the callback occurs.
        Database server exceptions
        When the database server or a UDR raises a database server exception, the DataBlade® API invokes any callbacks that are registered for the exception.
        Understanding database server exceptions
        A database server exception is an unexpected condition that occurs within the database server.
        Overriding the default exception handling
        By default, the DataBlade® API stops the current statement when the statement generates a database runtime error and continues execution when the statement generates a database warning.
        Exceptions in a C UDR (Server)
        If a C UDR has not registered an exception callback on the current connection, the DataBlade® API takes a default action based on the exception level of the MI_Exception event.
        Handling errors from DataBlade® API functions
        Register an exception callback
        When the database server or a UDR raises a database server exception, the database server invokes any callbacks that handle the MI_Exception event and that the UDR has registered (and enabled) on the current connection. Use the mi_register_callback() function to register such a callback.
        Determine how to handle the exception
        The return value of an exception callback tells the database server how to continue handling a database server exception once the callback completes.
        Handling an exception in the callback
        To indicate that the callback function executes instead of the default exception handling, an exception callback function returns the MI_CB_EXC_HANDLED status. This return status tells the DataBlade® API that the actions of the callback have completely handled the exception.
        Continue with exception handling
        To indicate that the callback function executes in addition to the default exception handling, an exception callback function returns the MI_CB_CONTINUE return status. This return status tells the DataBlade® API that the actions of the callback have not completely handled the exception and that the DataBlade API must continue with its default exception handling.
        Exceptions in a client LIBMI application (Client)
        If the client LIBMI application has not registered a callback that handles the MI_Exception event on the current connection, the client LIBMI calls the system-default callback.
        Return error information to the caller
        The fourth argument of a callback function is a pointer to callback user data. The user data is a C variable or structure that contains application-specific information that a callback can use.
        Handling multiple exceptions
        The database server can generate multiple exceptions for a single SQL statement.
        Raise an exception
        If a DataBlade® API module detects an error, it can use the mi_db_error_raise() function to raise an exception.
        State-transition events
        When the database server raises a state-transition event, the database server invokes any callbacks registered for the state transition. This section provides information about state-transition handling in DataBlade® API modules, including an explanation of state-transition events and a description of how to handle a state-transition event in a C UDR and a client LIBMI application.
        Client LIBMI errors
        The DataBlade® API throws the MI_Client_Library_Error event to indicate an error in the client LIBMI library.
      - XA-compliant external data sources
    - Create user-defined routines
    - Appendix
      This section contains additional reference information.
  - DataBlade® API Function Reference
    The Informix® DataBlade® API Function Reference describes the DataBlade API functions and the subset of Informix ESQL/C functions that the DataBlade API supports.
  - DataBlade® Developers Kit
    The DataBlade® Developers Kit (DBDK) guides contain information about the tools you can use to develop and package DataBlade modules, which extend the functionality of HCL Informix® databases.
  - J/Foundation Developer's Guide
    The J/Foundation Developer's Guide describes how to write user-defined routines (UDRs) in the Java™ programming language for Informix®.
  - R-Tree Index User's Guide
    The Informix® R-Tree Index User's Guide describes the HCL Informix R-tree secondary access method and how to access and use its components.
  - User-Defined Routines and Data Types Developer's Guide
    The Informix® User-Defined Routines and Data Types Developer's Guide describes how to define new data types and enable user-defined routines (UDRs) to extend HCL Informix.
  - Virtual-Table Interface Guide
    The Informix® Virtual-Table Interface Programmer's Guide explains how to create a primary access method with the Virtual-Table Interface (VTI) so that users have a single SQL interface to HCL Informix tables and to data that does not conform to the storage scheme of HCL Informix.
  - Virtual-Index Interface Guide
    The Informix® Virtual-Index Interface Programmer's Guide explains how to create a secondary access method with the Virtual-Index Interface (VII) to extend the built-in indexing schemes of HCL Informix typically with a DataBlade® module.

Determine how to handle the exception

The return value of an exception callback tells the database server how to continue handling a database server exception once the callback completes.

An exception callback for a UDR must return one of the MI_CALLBACK_STATUS values that MI_CALLBACK_STATUS return-status values lists.