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IBM® Domino 10.0.1 Documentation
Welcome to the IBM® Domino 10.0.1 Administrator Help.
Securing
This section describes IBM® Domino® security features, including execution control lists, IDs, and SSL.
Domino® server and Notes® user IDs
Domino® uses ID files to identify users and to control access to servers. Every Domino server, Notes® certifier, and Notes user must have an ID.
Notes® ID vault
The ID vault is an optional, server-based database that holds protected copies of Notes® user IDs. An ID vault allows administrators and users to easily manage Notes user IDs. Users are assigned to a vault through policy configuration, and copies of user IDs are uploaded to a vault automatically once the policy has taken effect.
Creating and configuring an ID vault
To make an ID vault operational you must create the vault database on a server, create the vault ID file, specify at least one vault administrator, specify which user organizations trust the vault, assign password reset authority, and use policies to assign user IDs to the vault.
Enabling programs that store IDs in databases to use a vault
You can enable Notes® API programs that can store Notes IDs in databases to use an ID vault. Doing this allows the users of such programs, for example, iNotes® or Notes Traveler users, to take advantage of the ID management features that an ID vault provides. The users' mail servers must run Domino® 8.5.1 or higher.

IBM® Domino 10.0.1 Documentation
Welcome to the IBM® Domino 10.0.1 Administrator Help.
- What's new in IBM® Domino® 10?
  Learn about all of the new features for administrators in IBM® Domino® 10.
- Overview
  Welcome to IBM® Domino® Administrator Help.
- Installing
  Use this documentation to install the IBM® Domino® server and subsequently deploy the IBM Notes® client.
- Planning
  Use this topic as an overview of planning task.
- Configuring
  Use this information to configure an IBM® Domino® network, users, servers (including Web servers), directory services, security, messaging, widgets and live text, and server clusters. Also use this information to set up IBM iNotes® on a server using Domino Off-Line Services (DOLS).
- Securing
  This section describes IBM® Domino® security features, including execution control lists, IDs, and SSL.
  - Overview of Domino security
    Setting up security for your organization is a critical task. Your security infrastructure is critical for protecting your organization's IT resources and assets. As an administrator, you need to give careful consideration to your organization's security requirements before you set up any servers or users. Up-front planning pays off later in minimizing the risks of compromised security.
  - Server access for Notes® users, Internet users, and Domino® servers
    To control user and server access to other servers, Domino® uses the settings you specify on the Security tab in the Server document as well as the rules of validation and authentication. If a server validates and authenticates the Notes® user, Internet user, or server, and the settings in the Server document allow access, the user or server is allowed access to the server.
  - The database access control list
    Every .NSF database has an access control list (ACL) that specifies the level of access that users and servers have to that database. Although the names of access levels are the same for users and servers, those assigned to users determine the tasks that they can perform in a database, while those assigned to servers determine what information within the database the servers can replicate. Only someone with Manager access can create or modify the ACL.
  - Domino® server and Notes® user IDs
    Domino® uses ID files to identify users and to control access to servers. Every Domino server, Notes® certifier, and Notes user must have an ID.
    - Certificates
      A certificate is a unique digital signature that identifies a user or server. Server and user IDs contain one or more IBM® Notes® certificates. In addition, user IDs may contain one or more Internet certificates that identify users when they use SSL to connect to an Internet server or send a signed S/MIME mail message.
    - Notes clients and two-factor authentication
      Notes client authentication with a Notes ID provides built-in, automatic, two-factor authentication.
    - Password-protection for Notes® and Domino® IDs
      To ensure the security of the Domino® system, password-protect all Notes® and Domino IDs -- certifier, server, and user. When you password-protect an ID, a key that is derived from the password encrypts the data on the ID. Then, when you attempt to access mail, open a server-based database, or examine ID file information, you are prompted to enter a password.
    - The password quality scale
      When creating passwords for user, server, or certifier IDs, you need to understand the criteria by which Domino® measures password strength and security. Domino measures this criteria according to the level assigned on its password quality scale. The scale assigns a minimum level of quality to the password on an ID file. Domino bases the password quality on the number and variety of characters in the password.
    - Verifying user passwords during authentication
      You can enable password verification so that a Notes® user can authenticate with a server only after providing the correct password that is associated with the user ID.
    - Setting up password verification
      You can enable password verification through the use of a security policy settings document, which allows you to enable this feature for multiple users, or you can enable password verification on an individual basis through the Domino® Directory.
    - Custom password policies
      Information protection and data privacy laws include specific requirements for the selection of secure passwords for identity verification. To help users comply with these laws, IBM® Domino® includes the ability to implement password restrictions on a policy basis. Administrators can enforce password requirements that will fit almost any set of corporate or government security requirements.
    - Assigning multiple passwords to server and certifier IDs
      To assign multiple passwords to server and certifier IDs, all of the administrators whose passwords will be assigned to the ID must be present. Then, during the procedure of assigning multiple passwords, each administrator completes a series of steps.
    - Using Notes® Shared Login (NSL) to suppress password prompts
      Notes® Shared Login (NSL) allows users to start Notes without having to provide Notes passwords. Instead, they only need to log in to Microsoft™ Windows™ using their Windows passwords.
    - Using Notes® Client Single Logon to synchronize Notes® and Windows™ OS passwords
      You can use Notes® Client Single Logon to synchronize your Notes users' Microsoft™ Windows™ passwords with their Notes passwords, allowing them to use the same password.
    - Notes® ID vault
      The ID vault is an optional, server-based database that holds protected copies of Notes® user IDs. An ID vault allows administrators and users to easily manage Notes user IDs. Users are assigned to a vault through policy configuration, and copies of user IDs are uploaded to a vault automatically once the policy has taken effect.
      - How an ID vault works
        This topic describes common vault operations.
      - ID vault security
        An ID vault provides several layers of security.
      - Planning an ID vault deployment
        The topics in this section provide information to help you plan an ID vault deployment.
      - ID vault FAQs
        Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about the ID vault.
      - Creating and configuring an ID vault
        To make an ID vault operational you must create the vault database on a server, create the vault ID file, specify at least one vault administrator, specify which user organizations trust the vault, assign password reset authority, and use policies to assign user IDs to the vault.
        Creating an ID vault
        The ID Vault tool enables you to perform all of the steps necessary to make a vault operational. However you can choose to perform some of the required steps at a later time using another tool.
        Specifying the organizations that trust an ID vault
        You add or remove Vault Trust Certificates, from the Configuration tab of the Domino® Administrator.
        Assigning password reset authority
        Password reset authority authorizes people or applications to reset passwords and to specify ID download counts.
        Assigning users to a vault
        Only IDs with a parent certifier that has issued a Vault Trust Certificate can be uploaded to an ID vault. To upload IDs to a vault, you specify the vault name in the ID Vault tab of a Security Settings document that is added to a policy document.
        Enabling programs that store IDs in databases to use a vault
        You can enable Notes® API programs that can store Notes IDs in databases to use an ID vault. Doing this allows the users of such programs, for example, iNotes® or Notes Traveler users, to take advantage of the ID management features that an ID vault provides. The users' mail servers must run Domino® 8.5.1 or higher.
        Adding or removing ID vault servers
        After you create an ID vault on one server, you can replicate it to other servers in the IBM® Domino® domain for better availability. You use the ID Vaults > Manage tool to add or remove vault replicas or to specify a different vault primary server. Always use this tool to manage vault replicas rather than traditional database replication tools.
        Adding or removing vault administrators
        Vault administrators can add and remove other vault administrators, add and remove vault replicas, delete IDs from a vault, mark IDs inactive, restore inactive IDs, and delete a vault. When you create a vault, you must specify at least one vault administrator. However, specifying more than one vault administrator is recommended for administrative backup.
        Providing instructions for users who forget their passwords
        You can specify instructions to display in the Notes® login window to users (even non-vaulted ones) who forget their passwords.
        Specifying whether to require users to change passwords that have been reset
        Use the Security Settings document to control whether users are required to change their passwords after they have been reset.
        Requiring authorization for ID downloads
        To help thwart unauthorized downloads of ID files from a vault, require authorization for ID downloads.
        Changing the password on the vault ID file
        Use the ID Vaults > Manage tool to change the password on a vault ID file.
        Creating or editing ID vault policy settings documents manually
        You use policy settings to assign IDs to an ID vault and to specify a few other optional ID vault settings. You can specify policy settings using the ID Vaults > Create or ID Vaults > Manage tools, or you can create or edit these policy settings manually as described in this topic.
      - Deleting an ID vault
        You can delete an ID vault. Before doing that you must delete all replicas except the one on the vault primary server.
      - Viewing user IDs in a vault
        After users have been assigned to a vault through a policy, the next time they start Notes® after the policy has taken effect, their IDs are uploaded to the vault. Note that there may be a delay before policy changes take effect.
      - Maintaining ID file synchronization
        When passwords on Notes® client IDs become different from the passwords on the IDs in the ID vault, synchronization of ID information between clients and the ID vault stops. You can enable automatic restarting of synchronization when the passwords get out of sync. You can use the Query Vault console command or the Domino Administrator to monitor and manage ID synchronization.
      - Managing the user IDs in an ID vault
        You can reset the password of an ID stored in a vault, specify the number of ID downloads a user is allowed, extract an ID from a vault for auditing purposes, delete an ID from a vault, or mark an ID in a vault as inactive.
      - Troubleshooting an ID vault configuration
        There are two ways to troubleshoot problems with an ID vault, do either or both of the following:
      - ID vault NOTES.INI settings
        The following NOTES.INI settings pertain to the ID vault.
    - ID recovery
      Use of the ID vault for ID recovery is strongly recommended. However, the ID recovery feature described in this topic is still supported.
    - Public key security
      Every Notes® user ID and Domino® server ID has a unique public key for the Notes certificate. The public key is stored in an ID file and in the Person or Server document for that ID in the Domino Directory. Notes and Domino use the public key to authenticate users and servers, verify digital signatures, and encrypt messages and databases. A Notes user ID can also have a unique public key for an Internet certificate.
    - User and server key rollover
      Key rollover is the process used to update the set of Notes® public and private keys that is stored in user and server ID files. Periodically, this set of keys may need to be replaced -- as a precaution against undetected compromise of the private key; as a remedy to recover from a known compromise of the private key; or to increase security by updating to a larger key.
    - Certificate authority key rollover
      IBM® Domino® administrators can assign a new set of public and private keys to a Domino certificate authority (CA). These keys are used to certify the keys of OUs, servers, and users in that organization. The process of assigning news keys is known as key rollover.
    - Using cross-certificates to access servers and send secure S/MIME messages
      Domino® uses both Notes® and Internet cross-certificates. Notes cross-certificates allow users in different hierarchically-certified organizations to access servers and to receive signed mail messages. Internet cross-certificates allow users to receive signed mail messages and send encrypted mail messages.
    - Adding cross-certificates to the Domino® Directory or Contacts
      You can use several methods to obtain an IBM® Notes® or Internet cross-certificate.
  - The execution control list
    You use an execution control list (ECL) to configure workstation data security. An ECL protects user workstations against active content from unknown or suspect sources, and can be configured to limit the action of any active content that does run on workstations.
  - Domino® server-based certification authority
    You can set up a Domino® certifier that uses the CA process server task to manage and process certificate requests. The CA process runs as a process on Domino servers that are used to issue certificates. When you set up a Notes® or Internet certifier, you link it to the CA process on the server in order to take advantage of CA process activities. Only one instance of the CA process can run on a server; however, the process can be linked to multiple certifiers.
  - SSL security
    Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a security protocol that provides communications privacy and authentication for Domino® server tasks that operate over TCP/IP.
  - SSL and S/MIME for clients
    Clients can use a Domino® certificate authority (CA) application or a third-party CA to obtain certificates for secure SSL and S/MIME communication.
  - Encryption
    Encryption protects data from unauthorized access.
  - Name-and-password authentication for Internet/intranet clients
    Name-and-password authentication, also known as basic password authentication, uses a basic challenge/response protocol to ask users for their names and passwords and then verifies the accuracy of the passwords by checking them against a secure hash of the password stored in Person documents in the Domino® Directory.
  - Multi-server session-based authentication (single sign-on)
    Multi-server session-based authentication, also known as single sign-on (SSO), allows Web users to log in once to a Domino® or WebSphere® server, and then access any other Domino or WebSphere servers in the same DNS domain that are enabled for single sign-on (SSO) without having to log in again.
  - Using Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) to configure federated-identity authentication
    Federated identity is a means of achieving single sign-on, providing user convenience and helping to reduce administrative cost. In Domino® and Notes®, federated identity for user authentication uses the Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) standard from OASIS.
  - Using a credential store to share credentials
    In this release, the on-premises Domino® server can use a credential store application (credstore.nsf). The credential store is a secure repository for document encryption keys and other tokens necessary for Notes® client users to grant access to applications that use the OAuth (open authorization) protocol. OAuth allows user credentials to be shared with compliant applications so that users avoid extra password prompts.
- Administering
  This documentation provides information about the administration tools for managing and monitoring IBM Domino® servers and databases.
- Tuning
  Use this information to improve IBM® Domino® server, Domino Web server, and messaging performance through the use of resource balancing and activity trends, Server.Load commands, advanced database properties, cluster statistics, and the Server Health Monitor.
- Troubleshooting
  This section describes how to find and solve problems with IBM® Domino® server and Administrator client.
- Glossary

Enabling programs that store IDs in databases to use a vault

You can enable Notes® API programs that can store Notes® IDs in databases to use an ID vault. Doing this allows the users of such programs, for example, iNotes® or Notes® Traveler users, to take advantage of the ID management features that an ID vault provides. The users' mail servers must run Domino® 8.5.1 or higher.

About this task

When this feature is enabled for iNotes® or Notes® Traveler users, they can:

Decrypt incoming mail messages without manually importing Notes® ID files into their mail databases
Change passwords on their ID files and use the new passwords automatically to perform secure mail operations
Get their passwords reset in the ID vault by someone with password reset authority and use the new passwords automatically to perform secure mail operations

When a copy of a Notes® ID file is in both a mail database and the ID vault, synchronization of the two copies happens automatically when necessary as soon as a user provides a password to perform a secure mail operation. Additionally, iNotes® users can synchronize the two ID file copies manually if they enable the ID Vault Sync option in iNotes® Security Preferences.

Use the following steps to assign users of programs that store IDs in databases to an ID vault.

Procedure

Create and configure an ID vault. Assign the ID vault to a policy that is used by iNotes® or Notes® Traveler users.
Click the ID vault tab in the Security Settings Policy document.
In the field Allow Notes-based programs to use the Notes ID vault, select Yes.

Results

If a user to whom the policy applies has a Notes® ID file in the ID vault but not in the database, the ID file is downloaded from the ID vault to the database. If the user has an ID file in the database but not in the ID vault, the ID file is uploaded from the database to the ID vault. Copies of an ID in the ID vault and in the database are synchronized.

Note: The Forgotten password help text field, configured in the ID vault Security Settings policy and used to provide password reset instructions in the Notes® logon window, does not apply to iNotes® users or to Notes® Traveler users.